Money Supply M1 · M2 and FX Reserves
Monthly money and liquidity statistics published by the Bank of Korea. M2 (broad money) adds time deposits under two years, MMFs and similar instruments to cash and deposits, and is the standard gauge of liquidity in the economy; M1 (narrow money) counts only cash and deposits that can be withdrawn at any time. Following the Bank of Korea press release, month-on-month uses seasonally adjusted average balances and year-on-year uses original (non-adjusted) average balances.
M2 broad money
Balance (average, original series)
—
₩ trillion
MoM (seasonally adjusted)
—
vs previous month
YoY (original series)
—
vs same month a year ago
M1 narrow money
Balance (average, original series)
—
₩ trillion
MoM (seasonally adjusted)
—
vs previous month
YoY (original series)
—
vs same month a year ago
Money supply growth — YoY (2004–)
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Higher M2 growth means liquidity in the economy is expanding quickly. The 2020–21 surge (above 10%) and the 2022–23 slowdown stand out.
M1 is transactional money, so it reacts more to the business cycle and interest rates (when rates rise, funds move into time deposits and M1 growth can turn negative).
Money supply balance — ₩ trillion (average, original series)
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Unit: ₩ trillion. Bank of Korea ECOS 1.1.2 and 1.1.3 monetary aggregates (average balance) · updated within a day of the mid-month release, which covers the month before last · Source: Bank of Korea, Money and liquidity
Last 12 months
| Month | M2 balance | M2 MoM | M2 YoY | M1 balance | M1 MoM | M1 YoY |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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FX reserves
Total
—
USD bn
vs previous month
—
USD bn
World ranking
—
among reporting countries
FX reserves — USD bn (2003–)
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Composition: —
Foreign currency assets (securities and deposits) make up most of the total; SDRs, the IMF reserve position and gold account for the rest. Gold is carried at book value (purchase cost), not market price.
Reserves gauge the capacity to defend the won and respond to crises; the 2008 drop (about USD 60bn) and the 2022 decline (defending against a strong dollar) are visible.
Source: Bank of Korea, FX reserves press releases.
FX reserves — last 12 months
| Month | Total | vs prev. month | FX assets | SDR | IMF position | Gold |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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